探析中国乡村景观园林和环境保护

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内容摘要 针对中国乡村城市化进程中的乡村人类聚居环境规划建设, 提出乡村景观园林的问题, 阐述了乡村景观园林的定义、国内外研究动态及其理论与实践意义, 进而提出了作者关于我国乡村景观园林研究的内容、方法及其预期成果。

  Content based on China's rural urbanization in rural human settlement environment planning and construction, bring up the question of rural landscape, this paper expounds the definition of rural landscape, theory and practice of domestic and foreign research dynamic and significance, then proposed the author about the contents, methods of rural landscape research in China and its expected outcomes.    1 引言   1 introduction    乡村有景观吗? 乡村有园林吗? 乡村需要景观园林吗? 在城市化进程快速发展的今天, 在大地景观开始深入人心的现代, 对于中国规划建筑界, 这些问题已经开始引起人们的关注。众所周知, 乡村既是人类聚居环境的基本细胞, 也是中国绝大部分人口的主要聚居地区。乡村园林以乡村景观为背景, 乡村景观在客观方面包括地理位置、地形、水、土、气候、动、植物、人工物等, 在主观方面包括经济发展程度、社会文化、生活习俗, 乡村园林正是在这种综合的景观中孕育、演变、发展、生成, 所以乡村园林与乡村景观密不可分, 故而, 乡村景观园林也就成为本文的论题。根据人类聚居环境学理论(刘滨谊1999) , 作为乡村人类聚居环境的基本背景, 乡村景观园林作为乡村规划的基础背景, 它对整个村落的布局、特色的塑造和生态环境的保育起着决定性的作用, 它的面貌、格局、规划、建设决定着乡村环境的生死存亡。合理而理想的乡村景观园林, 表面看上去朴实无华, 然而在“ 因地制宜”、“就地取材”、“因材致用”、“持续发展” 的基本原则指导下, 其内在却是丰富多彩、形态各异、耐人寻味的, 其中, 不乏有许多优点而令今天的城市人神往。当今中国, 随着城市化进程的不断加快, 乡村景观园林在乡村人类聚居环境规划建设中的作用、地位日渐重要。对于迅速城市化的乡村地带, 乡村景观园林正处于十字路口, 迫切需要予以定位、定性、定向、定型, 而对于当今那些步入病态衰败的城镇, 理想的乡村景观园林无疑将成为“ 治病” “健身” 的一帖灵丹妙药。   Rural landscape? Country garden? Country need a landscape? In the current rapid development of urbanization process, at the beginning of the earth landscape is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in the modern times, planning and architecture in China, these problems have begun to cause the attention of people. As is known to all, the country is the basic cell of human settlement environment, and the vast majority of people is also China's major populated areas. Country garden is set in rural landscape and rural landscape in objective aspects including geographical position, terrain, water, soil, climate, plants and animals, artificial objects, such as the subjective aspects including the economic development level, social culture and living custom, country garden it was in this kind of comprehensive landscape breeds, evolution, development, generation, so the rural landscape and rural landscape are inseparable, therefore, the rural landscape has become the thesis of this article. According to the theory of human settlement environment LiuBinYi (1999), as a basic background of rural human settlement environment, rural landscape as the foundation of the rural planning background, the layout of it for an entire village, shaping of the characteristics and ecological environment conservation plays a decisive role, its features, landscape, planning, construction decides the survival of rural environment. Reasonable and ideal rural landscape, the surface seems plain, but the "adjust measures to local conditions", "use local materials", "due to the material tool", "sustainable development" under the guidance of the basic principles, its are immanent is rich and colorful, forms, intriguing, among them, there are many advantages for today's city people longing. In today's China, with the accelerating of urbanization process, rural landscape planning and construction of human settlement environment in the country the role, status is important. For rapid urbanization of rural areas, rural landscape is at a crossroads, the urgent need for positioning, qualitative, directional, finalize the design, and for those in morbid decaying towns today, ideal rural landscape will no doubt become a "cure" panacea "fitness" of a post.